Lessons Learned

Static liquefaction should be considered as a potential failure mode for dams that have loose sands or silts in their embankments or foundations.

The first filling of a reservoir should be planned, controlled, and monitored.

The hazard classification of a dam can change over time (hazard creep).

The study of past incidents and failures aids in the assessment of existing dams.

Timely warning and rapid public response are critical to saving lives during a dam emergency.

Uncontrolled vegetation on and around dams can hinder inspection and lead to serious structural damage, significant maintenance costs, and possible failure.